1. No reason not to use the original materials. Depending on how much core you are replacing, using West System can be easier to work with but polyester resin is fine to use and in my opinion balsa makes the most sense for repairs since it’s what is there already.
2. The boat is well built and you will be hard pressed to improve on it. One obvious improvement is to pot any and all holes in the deck, to prevent water intrusion to the core. The boats were not assembled this way and they should have been.
3a,b,c. I don’t know
The laminate is about 3/32″. The deck is a bit under 3/4″ in most places, 1/2″ core and laminate top & bottom. It’s hard to duplicate this unless you are vacuum bagging the repairs, and if you can bag them, do.
3d. It’s polyester resin but beyond that, don’t know.